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William Carpenter (1813-85) was trained as a doctor; he was
apprenticed to an eye surgeon, and later attended University
College London and the University of Edinburgh, obtaining his M. D.
in 1839. Rather than practising medicine, he became a teacher,
specialising in neurology, and it was his work as a zoologist on
marine invertebrates that brought him wide scientific recognition.
His Principles of Mental Physiology, published in 1874, developed
the ideas he had first expounded in the 1850s, and expounds the
arguments for and against the two models of psychology then current
- automatism, which assumed that the mind operates under the
control of the physiology of the body for all human activity, and
free will, 'an independent power, controlling and directing that
activity.' Drawing on animal as well as human examples, his
arguments, especially on the acquisition of mental traits in the
individual, are much influenced by Darwin.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the fifth of six, is the second of two supplements providing
corrections to earlier volumes and detailing species discovered
since the original volumes were published. It also features a
general summary as well as a catalogue and index of British
brachiopod species.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the first of six, includes an essay on the terebratulids by Richard
Owen, an analysis of brachiopod shell structure by W. B. Carpenter
and a guide to classification by Davidson himself. The rest of the
volume describes Cretaceous, Tertiary, Oolitic and Liasic
brachiopod species.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the last of six, is a thorough bibliography of brachiopod research
literature up to 1886.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the second of six, details the Permian and Carboniferous brachiopod
species.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the third of six, details the Devonian and Silurian brachiopod
species, and features an essay by Roderick Impey Murchison on the
classification of Silurian rocks.
British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817-85) was born in
Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university.
Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to
study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly
became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the
Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal
in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published
between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive
reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred
hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume,
the fourth of six, is the first of two supplements providing
corrections to earlier volumes and detailing species discovered
since the original volumes were published.
William Carpenter (1813 1885) was a leading medical teacher and
researcher in London. Although much of his work focused on
physiology and the nervous system, he spent a considerable amount
of time investigating questions surrounding the relationship
between science and religion. He participated in many debates on
this issue, and was a member of the prestigious Metaphysical
Society, which explored scientific and religious connections. In
Mesmerism, Spiritualism, etc. Historically and Scientifically
Considered, two of his lectures published in 1877, Carpenter sets
out to question on scientific grounds the many spiritualist beliefs
that were gaining popularity throughout Britain. His work covers
topics such as odylism, electro-biology, thought-reading and
clairvoyance. He locates these practices in historical contexts
that often stretch back to ancient times, and gives modern
scientific explanations for certain phenomena, all with the aim of
stifling what he called 'epidemic delusions'.
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